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New Discoveries on Endothelial Function

Free Radic Biol Med. 2016 Dec 15. pii: S0891-5849(16)31102-9. [Epub ahead of print]

Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health.

Koch CD1, Gladwin MT2, Freeman BA3, Lundberg JO4, Weitzberg E4, Morris A5.

1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. Electronic address: kochcd@upmc.edu.

2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA.

3Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

4Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

5Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

Recent insights into the bioactivation and signaling actions of inorganic, dietary nitrate and nitrite now suggest a critical role for the microbiome in the development of cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. Once thought to be the inert, end-products of endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) heme-oxidation, nitrate and nitrite are now considered major sources of exogenous NO that exhibit enhanced vasoactive signaling activity under conditions of hypoxia and stress. The bioavailability of nitrate and nitrite depend on the enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a unique set of bacterial nitrate reductase enzymes possessed by specific bacterial populations in the mammalian mouth and gut. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), obesity, hypertension and CVD are linked to defects in NO signaling, suggesting a role for commensal oral bacteria to shape the development of PH through the formation of nitrite, NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides. Oral supplementation with inorganic nitrate or nitrate-containing foods exert pleiotropic, beneficial vascular effects in the setting of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and in pre-clinical models of PH, while traditional high-nitrate dietary patterns are associated with beneficial outcomes in hypertension, obesity and CVD. These observations highlight the potential of the microbiome in the development of novel nitrate- and nitrite-based therapeutics for PH, CVD and their risk factors.

Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Dec 17. [Epub ahead of print]

Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a correlative study of noninvasive arterial health testing.

Scanlon EM1, Mankad R2, Crowson CS3, Kullo IJ2, Mulvagh SL2, Matteson EL4,5, Kvrgic Z4, Davis JM 3rd4.

1Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. scanlon.erin@mayo.edu.

2Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

3Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

4Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

5Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2016 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]

Plasma nitric oxide level is correlated with microvascular functions in the peripheral arterial disease.

Akkoca M1, Usanmaz SE2, Koksoy C1, Bengisun U1, Demirel-Yilmaz E2. Full-Text

Nutrients. 2016 Nov 16;8(11). pii: E727. Black Tea Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improves Flow Mediated Dilatation Counteracting Deleterious Effects from a Fat Load in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Grassi D1, Draijer R2, Schalkwijk C3, Desideri G4, D’Angeli A5, Francavilla S6, Mulder T7, Ferri C8. Full-Text Open Cardiovasc Med J. 2016 Oct 31;10:212-220.

Bedirian R1, Neves MF1, Oigman W1, Gismondi RA1, Pozzobon CR1, Ladeira MC1, Castier MB2.

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Int J Cardiol. 2016 Nov 9;228:621-627. doi: 10.1016

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Habitual aerobic exercise does not protect against micro- or macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Santos-Parker JR1, Strahler TR2, Vorwald VM2, Pierce GL3, Seals DR2. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2016 Nov 4 L-arginine as dietary supplement for improving microvascular function. Melik Z, Zaletel P, Virtic T, Cankar K. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016 Nov 5;18(1):258. Review. Glucocorticoids and endothelial function in inflammatory diseases: focus on rheumatoid arthritis. Verhoeven F, Prati C, Maguin-Gaté K, Wendling D, Demougeot C.

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J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016 Nov 2. pii: S1525-8610(16)30405-4. Sarcopenia and Endothelial Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Results From the Studies Investigating Comorbidities Aggravating HF (SICA-HF). Dos Santos MR1, Saitoh M2, Ebner N2, Valentova M2, Konishi M2, Ishida J2, Emami A2, Springer J2, Sandek A2, Doehner W3, Anker SD2, von Haehling S4.

International Journal of Vascular Medicine Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 1348028, 8 pages

Morteza Naghavi1 Albert A. Yen,2 Alex W. H. Lin,2 Hirofumi Tanaka,3 and Stanley Kleis4


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